Published June - July 2024, Pg. 58-65

Section: Oil refining and petroleum chemistry

UOT: 07-58-65

DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2024-06-07-58-65

New surfactants based on soybean oil triglycerides, hexamethylenediamine and alkyl dihalides

N.V. Salamova PhD in Ch. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

G.A. Ahmadova Dr. in Ch. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

G.M. Bayramova - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

S.F. Ahmadbayova PhD in Ch. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

The interaction of soybean oil triglycerides with hexamethylenediamine resulted in a nonionic surfactant – hexamethyleneamide of a mixture of soybean oil acids, which was then modified using alkyl dihalides (1,2-dibromoethane, 1,3-dibromopropane, and 1,5-dibromopentane). These reactions synthesized ionic surfactants. The composition and structure of the resulting amidoamine and its modifications with alkyl dihalides were identified using infrared spectroscopy. The obtained products were characterized by key physicochemical parameters. Conductometric measurements of aqueous solutions of the obtained salts with varying concentrations were also performed. It was found that with increasing concentration, the specific conductivity value increases, and these values are significantly higher than the specific conductivity of distilled water, indicating the ionic structure of the obtained substances. Surface activity was measured with a tensiometer using the Du Nouy ring method at the air-water interface. According to the determined surface tension values, surface tension isotherms were constructed. The stabilization of surface tension values for the nonionic surfactant occurs at 35.2 mN/m, while for the ionic surfactants, it occurs at values of 34.2, 34.0, and 33.2 mN/m, respectively. The colloid-chemical properties of the synthesized surfactants were studied, their adsorption characteristics were experimentally determined, and the most important colloid-chemical parameters were calculated, such as the critical micelle concentration, surface tension, maximum adsorption, minimum cross-sectional area of the molecule, surface pressure, adsorption efficiency, and the change in Gibbs free energy of the micellization and adsorption processes. Under laboratory conditions, the relative oil-collecting and oil-dispersing abilities of the obtained products were investigated using thin films (thickness <1 mm) of Balakhani oil on the water surface with different levels of salinity (seawater, freshwater, and distilled water). The synthesized surfactants were used in undiluted form and as 5% aqueous solutions. It was found that in seawater, the maximum oil dispersion coefficient, which indicates the degree of cleaning the water surface, is 91.1%. It is worth noting that transitioning from nonionic to ionic surfactants increases the duration of the reagents’ action.

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