Published June - July 2025, Pg. 45-49

Section: Oil refining and petroleum chemistry

UOT: 621.892,099,6;621.892;665.1

DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2025-06-07-45-49

Obtaining high-index base lubricating oils from Azerbaijan low-wax oils using modern effective viscosity stabilizers

R.Z. Gasanova Dr. in Tech. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

S.B. Logmanova PhD in Tech. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

S.E. Abdullayev Dr. in Tech. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

Z.A. Gasymova PhD in Tech. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

Yu.A. Abdullaeva PhD in Tech. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

N.F. Kafarova - Institute of Petrochemical Processes

To meet the ever-increasing demand for high-quality lubricating oils, petroleum feedstock is mainly used through its careful selection, technological improvement of distillation and purification processes. For this purpose, the study of the composition and properties of Absheron oils for their subsequent rational use in order to obtain high-quality lubricating oils is very important. The most studied for obtaining lubricating oils is Balakhany crude oil, since ancient times it is an effective raw material (standard) for obtaining transformer, turbine oils using simple cleaning methods (acid-contact). Oil fractions of this oil (350–500 oC) do not need the dewaxing process. We present the results of studying some low-wax Azerbaijani oils (respectively fuel oils) for obtaining lubricating oils, using simple cleaning (acid-contact) and without dewaxing. The required viscosity index values (up to 120 units) are recommended to be achieved by highly effective viscosity stabilizers that have high stability to thermal and mechanical destruction. 
The article presents the yields and qualities of fuel oils from some low-paraffinous Azerbaijani oils, which we used in comparison with the standard from Balakhani oil crude. Oil fractions of 350–500 oC were isolated from fuel oils and individual groups of hydrocarbons were studied: methane-naphthenic, light, medium heavy aromatic hydrocarbons. It was shown that the quality of oil fractions significantly deteriorates in the presence of medium, heavy aromatic hydrocarbons. 
The article presents comparative qualities of oil fractions of Balakhany oil, Lokbatan and some other oils, which can serve as potential raw materials (after acid-contact or selective cleaning) for obtaining highly purified base oils. The oils have low pour points, but also low viscosity index values, up to negative values. Further, for comparison, the qualities of oils obtained from oils of groups III, IV, VI and VII using acid-contact cleaning are given. From the specified groups of oils (fuel oils), using acid-contact cleaning, it is possible to obtain oils that differ in viscosity index. From the specified grades of oil (III, IV, VII) oil fractions according to VI and pour point can serve as additional raw material for obtaining lubricating oils. Oil fractions isolated from fuel oils of Buzovny (III group), Neft Dashlary (IV group), Pirallahy (VII group) after acid-contact purification can serve as additional raw material for obtaining base oils with a viscosity at 100 oC of 4–10 mm2/s, they have VI of 11.8–43.6 as well as base oils from Balakhany oil VI of 45–52, pour point of -19/-35 oC. Viscosity properties of the specified purified base oils can be improved by using viscosity stabilizers.
 

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