Published November 2025, Pg. 34-43

Section: Green energy

UOT: 658.26

DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2025-11-34-43

Research and prospective directions of renewable and subsurface energy resources in Azerbaijan

E.Y. Abbasov PhD in Soil Sc. - SOCAR “GGI-MGIB”

Renewable energy sources (RES) and subsurface energy resources are considered key pillars of the sustainable development of the modern energy sector. These types of energy are environmentally friendly, safe, and long-term, and in the future, they offer more cost-effective opportunities for electricity generation. They do not cause climate change, do not pollute the environment, do not contribute to global warming, and prevent the increase of carbon emissions. As a result, humanity is being steered away from traditional fossil fuel sources toward alternative and cleaner energy sources. In this context, RES and subsurface energy resources provide a foundation for both global energy security and the preservation of ecosystems.
According to official reports by the International Energy Agency (IEA), since 2019, renewable energy sources have gradually contributed to a reduction in electricity generation from fossil fuels. This decline has been accompanied by a growing interest in RES technologies and increased investment in this sector. In particular, research aimed at improving the efficiency of energy conversion continues to expand, focusing on enhancing the performance of RES technologies.
The objective of the conducted research is to study and deeply analyze existing RES technologies such as solar, hydro, wind, bioenergy, geothermal, and hydrogen energy. Various hybrid RES technologies have also been studied and comparatively analyzed to improve the overall efficiency of electricity generation.
The article examines the economic, technological, and structural challenges that hinder the large-scale implementation of RES technologies. It also provides specific recommendations for energy policymakers, engineers, and young researchers aimed at overcoming these issues.

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