Published November 2025, Pg. 44-53
Section: Oil refining and petroleum chemistry
UOT: 665.6/7:502.171;665.6/7:658.567
DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2025-11-44-53
Catalytic processing of light pyrolysis resin into benzene
Q.N. Hajiyev PhD in Ch. Sc. - Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic ChemistryAt the Azerikimya Production Unit of SOCAR in Sumgayit, Azerbaijan, at the Ethylene-Polyethylene Plant (EP-300 unit), the physicochemical properties of the liquid by-product of the pyrolysis process – light tar – were investigated. A comparison with technical standards was performed, and its specific characteristics were identified. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic processes were applied for its processing. A comparative characterization of the synthesized liquid catalyst (toluene-based aluminum complex) was prepared. The dependence of benzene yield on the reaction regime parameters was determined, with benzene considered as the target product. It was established that the catalyst accelerates polymerization and oligomerization processes due to the presence of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the light tar. As a result, after the separation of pure benzene, coating materials were obtained from the still-bottoms. The obtained coating materials were analyzed by chemical methods to confirm their compliance with standards.
References:
1. Sbornik tezisov dokladov XII Rossiyskoy konferentsii “Aktual’nye problemy neftekhimii” (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem), 5–9 oktyabrya 2021 g., g. Groznyy. – M.: INKhS RAN, 2021, 776 s.
2. Gholami Z., Gholami F., Zdeněk T., Mohammadtaghi V. “A review on the production of light olefins using steam cracking of hydrocarbons” Energies, 2021, 14(23), 8190;
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238190
3. Jafar A., Golshan M., Fahimeh H., Abdolhossein H., Seyyed Hamid E., Akbar B., Soroush K., Shahin H. “Estimation of the flow rate of pyrolysis gasoline, ethylene, and propylene in an industrial olefin plant using machine learning approaches” Scientific Reports, 2023, 13, 4081; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-41273-4
4. Borealis AG Safety Data Sheet (SDS) – “Pyrolysis Gasoline” Borealis 95 p. 2024, borealisgroup.com
5. Kosareva M.A., Stakheev S.G., Tret’yakova N.A. Osnovnye tekhnologii pererabotki neftegazovogo syr’ya. – Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta, 2022, 110 s.
6. Alireza B., Hossein E., Sajjad H., Farzin Zokaee A. “Hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline by novel Ni-doped MOF derived catalysts from ZIF-8 and ZIF-67” Scientific Reports, 2022, № 1 (12), DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-24071-2, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24071-2
7. Ayten A., Hasip Y., Rafig A. “Effect of Catalyst Modification on Hydrodealkylation of Aromatic Mixtures” Dergi Parkı, Journal of Polytechnic, 2022, vol. 25(1), pp. 231-238,
https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.597931
8. Mingxin X., Zishu L., Xinyu Z., Jinyi D., Mingxiao L., Li Z., Qiang L. “Catalytic Steam Reforming of Benzene as a Bio-tar Model Compound over Ni–Fe/TiO2 Catalysts” ACS Publiciations, 2022, Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, vol. 10(7),
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02345#Abstract
9. Jie R., Fei-Long Y., Yi-Ling L. “Enhanced H2-Rich Gas Production via Steam Reforming of Toluene over Ni-Based Hydrotalcite-Derived Catalysts at Low Temperature” ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 2021, 9(24), DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c03122
10. WO2022233688A1. (2022). Process for treating oil derived from plastic pyrolysis and renewable feedstocks. Google Patents.
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2022233688A1/en
11. WO2018055555A1. (2018). Integrated process configuration combining pyrolysis, hydrocracking, hydrodealkylation, and steam cracking. Google Patents.
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018055555A1/en
12. Intratec Solutions LLC. (2021). Benzene production from pyrolysis gasoline (Hydrodealkylation process). Intratec. https://cdn.intratec.us/docs/reports/previews/benzene-e12a-b.pdf
13. Keivanimehr F., Habibzadeh S., & Mokhtarian M. “Enhanced product quality through hydrodesulfurization of pyrolysis gasoline over a mixed metal oxide catalyst: An experimental and DFT study” Fuel, 2022, 317, 123458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123458
14. Pyrolysis gasoline hydrogenation processes catalyst and method. (n.d.). Google Patents.
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104148104B/en?utm_source=chatgpt.com
15. Johnson M. (n.d.). Catalysts for hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline.
https://matthey.com/products-and-markets/chemicals/pyrolysis-gasoline-hydrogenation-catalysts?utm_source=chatgpt.com
16. Hydrotreating of pyrolysis gasoline. (n.d.). Google Patents.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US4059504A/en?utm_source=chatgpt.com
17. Ya-Long D., Hua-Qin W., Mei X., Pei Y., Rong-Qiang L., Qing-Ping K. “The Effect of Ni-ZSM-5 Catalysts on Catalytic Pyrolysis and Hydro-Pyrolysis of Biomass” Frontiers in chemistry, 2020, Sec. Catalysis and Photocatalysis, Top. Sustainable Catalytic Production of Bio-Based Heteroatom-Containing Compounds, vol. 8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00790
18. Rong C., Xuebao P., Helin P., Kun W., Huan C., Zhuo Z., Yayun Z. “Biomass Catalytic Pyrolysis over Zeolite Catalysts with an Emphasis on Porosity and Acidity: A State-of-the-Art Review” Energy and Fuels, vol. 34(10),
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02147
19. Ranjeet K.M., Syeda M.C., Sneha U.N., Kaustubha M. “Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over zeolites for bio-oil and chemical production: A review on their structure, porosity and acidity co-relation” Bioresource Technology, 2022, vol. 366, 128189
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128189
20. Ibragimov Kh.D., Mamedova T.A., Amirof F.A., Ibragimova Z.M. Analiz i perspektivy razvitiya pererabotki zhidkikh produktov piroliza. – Baku: Elm, 2020, 367 s.
21. Kumar P. Recent advances in homogeneous catalysis: Insights into acid-catalyzed hydrocarbon transformations. Catalysis Reviews, 2021, 63(5), 623-655.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2020.1863821
22. Onishi N. Brønsted acid catalysis in hydrocarbon conversion: Mechanistic insights and new developments. Chemical Society Reviews, 2022, 51(14), 6022–6048.
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CS00124F
23. Yanke J., Li M., Hou Z. “Advances in homogeneous palladium catalysis for C–C bond activation and functionalization” Accounts of Chemical Research, 2024, 57(2), pp. 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00547
24. Bao H., Zhang Y., & Liu X. (2024). Nickel-based homogeneous catalysts for selective hydrocarbon dealkylation: Recent progress and future challenges. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1046, 122109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122109
25. Hanna S., Marcin G., Maciej K., Grzegorz H. “Pt(II) complexes bearing P,N-donor ligands as catalysts in chemoselective hydrosilylation, hydrogermylation, and hydroboration of terminal alkenes Author links open overlay panel” Journal of Catalysis, 2024, vol. 433, 115494, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115494
26. Aliyeva Sh.D., Sadigov F.M., Manafov M.R. Catalytic processing of light pyrolysis resin, a by-product of ethylene production, and separation technology of high-purity benzene // Azerbaijan chemical journal, 2025, № 1, pp. 91-104.
27. Sadiqov F.M., Haciyev Q.N., Aliyeva Sh.D. Mammadova İ.H., Hasan-zada G.H., Melikova E.T., Sadiqova N.S. Etilen istehsalinin yan mehsulu yungul piroliz qatraninin tedqiqi ve alinan laklarin xasseleri // Azerbaycan neft teserrufati, 2023, № 4, s. 43-47.
28. Aliyeva Sh.D. Pirolizin yungul qatraninin katalitinq reforminq prosesinin tedqiqi // Azerbaycan neft teserrufati, 2023, № 8, s. 63-68.
29. Aliyeva Sh.D., Manafov M.R., Tagiyev D.B., Safarov A.R. “Development of a mathematical model for optimizing the efficient process of light pyrolysis resin” Journal of Chemistry and Technologies, 2025, vol. 34(3), pp. 705-713.
