Published February 2026, Pg. 62-67
Section: Oil refining and petroleum chemistry
UOT: 547.913:543.26:636.085.16
DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2026-02-62-67
Research of the physicochemical properties of environmentally friendly biodiesel fuel obtained from grape seed oil
G.S. Mukhtarova Dr. in Tech. Sc. - Institute of Petrochemical ProcessesBiodiesel, which belongs to the types of biofuels, is a renewable, sustainable, biodegradable, non-toxic and environmentally friendly energy source. At the same time, biodiesel is a methyl ester of fatty acids produced from the transesterification reaction of oilseeds, used frying oils, animal fats and oils obtained by various biological methods with short-chain alcohol (methanol or ethanol) in the presence of catalysts and used as fuel.
In the research work, transesterification of oils obtained from grape seeds, which are production waste of “Ganja Sherab-2” operating in Ganja city, was carried out with the participation of natural Aydag zeolite taken from the territory of Tovuz region of Azerbaijan as a heterogeneous catalyst. The optimal variant of the regime parameters (65 оC reaction temperature, 2 hours reaction time) for the transesterification reaction of grape seed oil to biodiesel with 0.5 grams of natural zeolite as a catalyst at a constant mixing speed of 600 rpm and a 1:10 mol ratio of oil to methanol was determined. Biodiesel was obtained in a yield of 80.72 % from the transesterification reaction carried out with optimal regime parameters from grape seed oil as a raw material. The transesterification process of grape seed oil was evaluated by 1H NMR spectroscopic method and the composition of the biodiesel obtained from the transesterification was analyzed. In order to fully characterize the molecular structure of the samples, the peaks and quantities of the parts of the molecules, especially unsaturated long-chain alkyl esters, were determined.
References:
1. Mukhtarova G.S., Suleymanova A.B. Study of biodiesel obtained from agro-industrial waste // Processes of Petrochemistry and Oil Refining, 2024, No 3 (25), pp. 666-674.
2. Mukhtarova G.S., Ibrahimov H.J., Hasanova A.B., Safarov J.T., Ibrahimov H.J., Aliyev T.A. Study of regime parameters effect on hydrocracking process of fuel oil in the presence of nano-sized halloysite modified by Mo, Ni // Processes of Petrochemistry and Oil Refining, 2021, No. 4 (22), pp. 441-449.
3. Hasanova A.B., Mukhtarova G.S. Production of diesel fraction frome the hydrocracking process of fuel oil // Processes of Petrochemistry and Oil Refining, 2023, No. 2 (22), pp. 278-285.
4. Mukhtarova G.S., Suleymanova A.B. Research of physical-chemical properties of biodiesel fraction obtained from agro-industrial waste // Processes of Petrochemistry and Oil Refining, 2025, No.2 (26), pp. 564-573.
5. Choi Y., Lee J. Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of a tocotrienol- rich fraction from grape seeds // Food Chemistry, 2009, Vol. 114, pp. 1386-1390.
6. Crews C., Hough P., Godward J., Brereton P., Lees M., Guiet S., Winkelmann W. Quantitation of the main constituents of some authentic grape seed oils of different origin // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 54,
pp. 6261-6265.
7. Fiori L. Grape seed oil supercritical extraction kinetic and solubility data:critical approach and modeling // Journal of Supercritical Fluid, 2007, № 43, pp. 43-54.
8. Fereidooni L., Mehrpooya M. Experimental assessment of electrolysis method in production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using zeolite/chitosan catalyst with a focus on waste biorefinery // Energy Conversion Management, 2017, 147, pp. 145-154.
9. Wang H, Yang X and Ou X. A study on future energy consumption and carbon emissions of China’s transportation sector // Low Carbon Economy, 2014, № 5, (04), pp. 133-138.
10. Subbaiah G.V, Gopal K.R, Hussain S.A, et al. Rice bran oil biodiesel as an additive in dieselethanol blends for diesel engines // International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2010, № 3, pp. 334-342.
11. How H.G., Masjuki H.H., Kalam M.A., Teoh Y.H., An investigation of the engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of coconut biodiesel in a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine // Energy, 2014, № 69, pp. 749-759.
12. Devarajan Y., Munuswamy D.B., Subbiah G., Vellaiyan S., Nagappan B., Varuvel E. G., Thangaraja J. Inedible oil feedstocks for biodiesel production: a review of production technologies and physicochemical properties // Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2022, № 30, pp. 100840-10056.
13. Liaquat A.M., Masjuki H.H., Kalam M.A., Rizwanul I.M. Fattah, Impact of biodiesel blend on injector deposit formation // Energy, 2014, Vol. 72, pp. 813-823.
14. Singh D., Sharma D., Soni S.L., Sharma S., Kumari D. Chemical compositions, properties, and standards for different generation biodiesels: a review // Fuel, 2019, Vol. 253, pp. 60-71.
15. Bukkarapu K.R., Krishnasamy A. Predicting engine fuel properties of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends using spectroscopy based approach // Fuel Processing Technology, 2022, Vol. 230, pp. 107227-107239.
