Published May 2010
Analysis of ecological situation in Azerbaijan from the context of sustainable development
S.A. SalimovDuring the XX century the average surface temperature of the earth increased by about 0.6° C and most of it is due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. For example, the amount of CO2 has increased for more than 30% compared with industrial times and is currently growing at an unprecedented rate – approximately for 0.4% annually, mainly due to fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and gaseous organic compounds that do not contain methane also increase as a result of human activities. Although these gases are not GHG, they affect the structure of the atmosphere and lead to an increase in troposphere ozone, which is GHG. GHG contribute to global warming in varying degrees, depending on their ability to heat absorption, and their length of stay in the atmosphere. In Azerbaijan the largest value of emissions of gaseous and liquid waste per capita is 67, 91 kg/person. Occurred in 2001, the lowest - 23.09 kg / person. In 2002, in the next three years, emissions have grown and in 2005 amounted to 63.46 kg / person, and then decreased to 41.90 kg / person in 2007. Manufacturing, distribution and consumption of energy affect the environment in the household, the workplace and the city, at the national, regional and global levels. The environmental impact will vary depending on the mode of production and consumption of energy, fuel mixture, the structure of energy systems and related actions, as well as the structure of the assessment. Gas emissions from burning fossil fuels pollute the atmosphere. Large hydro election station cause clogging. In Azerbaijan the evolution of emissions per unit of GDP is similar to the dynamics of per capita emissions: the greatest value - 96.15 kg/1000 U.S. dollars in 2001, the lowest - 30.15 in 2002, then increase to 57.18 kg/ 1000 U.S. dollars and decrease in 2008 to 7.20 kg/1000 U.S. dollars. According to statistics, the ratio of hazardous emissions for use is unequally for Baku: 1.95 thousands tons in 2000, 7.11 thousands tons in 2003, 3.25 thousands tons in 2004, 3.36 thousands tons in 2005, 2.81 thousands tons in 2006, and 1.73 thousands tons in 2007. For the city of Sumgait 4,9; 50,25; 2.52, 1.86, 35.83, 32.5 respectively. In the country the rate of solid waste to energy produced increased from 0.67 to 1.51 kg / t.n.e. over the period 2000-2004, then decreased to 0,45 kg / t.e.s in 2007. Evolution of the ratio of recycled hazardous waste in the overall production of solid waste of Azerbaijan is unstable: growth from 3.40% in 2002 to 28.45% in 2003, then falling to 0.14% in 2005, growing to 46, 41% in 2006 and again falling to 4.23% in 2007.
